France - degree day, solar and wind energy statistics

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Daily solar and wind energy load scenarios for France

France solar wind combination

Figure 4.1 Energy surplus in France for different solar and wind energy mixes.

France constant load

Figure 4.2 Energy surplus in France for different solar and wind energy mixes under a constant load and assuming ideal daily energy storage.

France heating load

Figure 4.3 Energy surplus in France for different solar and wind energy mixes under a heating load and assuming ideal daily energy storage.

France low heating load

Figure 4.4 Energy surplus in France for different solar and wind energy mixes under a small heating load and assuming ideal daily energy storage.

France cooling load

Figure 4.5 Energy surplus in France for different solar and wind energy mixes under a cooling load and assuming ideal daily energy storage.

Acknowledgement: many thanks to the Renewables.ninja team for open access to the v1.1 data-set of Europe, covering 1980-2016 data for weather, solar and wind on a country basis. Website: www.renewables.ninja. Version 1.1 of the original data-set is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. In this work, hourly data is post-processing into yearly, monthly and daily statistics - and visualized using boxplots.

References:

[1]

Pfenninger, Stefan and Staffell, Iain (2016). Long-term patterns of European PV output using 30 years of validated hourly reanalysis and satellite data. Energy 114, pp. 1251-1265.

doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.060

[2]

Staffell, Iain and Pfenninger, Stefan (2016). Using Bias-Corrected Reanalysis to Simulate Current and Future Wind Power Output. Energy 114, pp. 1224-1239.

doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.068

[3]

Rienecker MM, Suarez MJ, Gelaro R, Todling R, et al. (2011). MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. Journal of Climate, 24, 3624-3648.

doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1

[4]

Gelaro R, McCarty W, Suárez MJ, Todling R, et al. (2017). The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of Climate, 30: 5419-5454.

doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1

[5]

CM-SAF SARAH dataset.

doi: 10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V001

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