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Monthly weather, degree day, solar energy and wind energy statistics and solar power statistics for Skopje

Figure 1.1 Skopje average monthly percentage of solar and wind energy // heating degree and cooling degree days.

Figure 1.2 Skopje daily solar energy plot.

Figure 1.3 Skopje daily heating degree days plot.

Figure 1.4 Skopje daily cooling degree days plot.

Acknowledgement: many thanks to the PVGIS team for open access to PVGIS 5.1 data from 2005 to 2015. Source - "Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS)", European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Online tool available at re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis.html - PVGIS Ⓒ European Communities, 2000-2020. In this work, hourly data is post-processed into yearly, monthly and daily statistics - and visualized using boxplots. The main focus of PVGIS is photovoltaic solar. Wind statistics are experimental, and have known issues.

References:

[1]
Overview of PVGIS data sources and calculation methods.
[2]
Huld, T.; Müller, R.; Gambardella, A. A new solar radiation database for estimating PV performance in Europe and Africa. Solar Energy 2012, 86, 1803-1815.
[3]
Gracia Amillo, A.; Huld, T.; Müller, R. A New Database of Global and Direct Solar Radiation Using the Eastern Meteosat Satellite, Models and Validation. Remote Sensing 2014, 6, 8165-8189.
[4]
Huld, T.; Gracia Amillo, A. Estimating PV Module Performance over Large Geographical Regions: the role of Irradiance, Air Temperature, Wind Speed and Solar Spectrum. Energies 2015, 8, 6, 5159-5181.
[5]
Müller, Richard; Pfeifroth, Uwe; Träger-Chatterjee, Christine; Cremer, Roswitha; Trentmann, Jörg; Hollmann, Rainer (2015): Surface Solar Radiation Data Set - Heliosat (SARAH) - Edition 1, Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring.
[6]
Hersbach, H, Bell, B, Berrisford, P, et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q J R Meteorol Soc. 2020; 146: 1999– 2049.
[7]
Manajit Sengupta, Yu Xie, Anthony Lopez, Aron Habte, Galen Maclaurin, James Shelby, The National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB), Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 89, 2018, Pages 51-60.

Additional PVGIS publications are available at: ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/PVGIS/about/who.


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