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Homepage Overview 2022 year 2022 year 2021 year 2020 year 2019 year 2018 OSM location
summary energy [kWh/d/p] energy [%] energy [TWh] renewables and biofuels


This page shows the energy use for Montenegro, using 0.0073 percent of world energy production for 0.62 million inhabitants in 2019. Energy is typically specified in Million metric Ton of Oil Equivalent [Mtoe] for large quantities. This work prefers to use TeraWatt-hours (TWh) instead, which is obtained by multiplying the a value expressed in Mtoe with a factor 11.63 . To allow an easy comparison between countries, we normalize the TWh value to kiloWatt-hour per day per person (kWh/d/p) - David MacKay introduced this energy unit in [5]. Day to day energy production or consumption can fluctuate from a kWh/d/p value, for example space heating consumes more energy in the winter season.

These values are summarized in table 0.1 . The first two columns show the gross inland energy consumption and gross renewable and biofuel consumptions. We do so since some renewable and biofuel sources are converted to electricity for final energy consumption. The third column shows the total final energy consumption of Montenegro. The fourth column shows the electricity consumption, which is a part of the final energy consumption.

The main data source for this page are the Eurostat energy balances, edition May 2024. A population plot of Montenegro and a list of data source references are available below.

Table 0.1 Energy summary for Montenegro in 2022.
Gross inland consumptionGross renewable and biofuel consumptionFinal energy consumptionElectricity consumption
1.06 Mtoe0.3 Mtoe0.75 Mtoe0.22 Mtoe
12.3 TWh3.52 TWh8.75 TWh2.6 TWh
54.8 kWh/d/p15.6 kWh/d/p38.8 kWh/d/p11.6 kWh/d/p
100 % (gross)28.5 % (gross)70.9 % (gross)21.1 % (gross)
141 % (final)40.2 % (final)100 % (final)29.8 % (final)
Gross inland energy consumption in 2022 for Montenegro
Figure 0.1 Montenegro yearly gross inland energy consumption, split according to fuel type.
monthly average percentage of solar PV, heating and cooling degree days for Niksic in Montenegro
Figure 0.2 Monthly average percentage of solar photovoltaics, heating and cooling degree days for Niksic in Montenegro.
Energy balance summary, using kWh/d/p to express energy consumption
normalized final energy in kWh/d/p for Montenegro
Figure 1.1 Yearly final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Montenegro.

Table 1.1 Final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Montenegro in 2022.
Montenegro 2022 [kWh/d/p]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuels
Gross inland consumption54.8
-2.38%		-0.6
-20.9%		21.4
+0.52%		18.4
+6.74%		15.6
-15.1%
Final energy consumption38.8
-5.02%		11.6
-12.1%		19.3
+0.2%		0.28
-36.6%		7.71
-4.17%
  + Industry sector  4.61
  -35.2%		  0.88
  -70.7%		  3.03
  -10.1%		  0.1
  -60.6%		  0.6
  +22.9%
  + Transport sector  15.4
  +2.29%		  0.055
  +15.3%		  15.4
  +2.24%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  18.8
  +0.58%		  10.6
  +5.13%		  0.86
  +5.14%		  0.18
  -2.78%		  7.11
  -5.92%
    ++ Services    5.66
    +9.0%		    4.46
    +7.87%		    0.58
    +1.77%		    0.087
    -0.16%		    0.53
    +33.3%
    ++ Households    12.8
    -2.99%		    6.09
    +3.27%		    0.098
    -5.09%		    0.093
    -5.12%		    6.56
    -8.1%
    ++ Agri/forest    0.27
    +15.1%		    0.066
    -0.21%		    0.18
    +26.1%		    0.0
    		    0.028
    -3.71%
Energy balance summary, using percent to express energy consumption.
final energy in percent for Montenegro
Figure 1.2 Yearly final energy consumption in percent for Montenegro.

Table 1.2 Final energy consumption in percent for Montenegro in 2022.
Montenegro 2022 [percent]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuels
Gross inland consumption141%
+3.81%		-1.54%
+0.31%		55.0%
+3.03%		47.4%
+5.23%		40.2%
-4.76%
Final energy consumption100%
=0.0%		29.8%
-2.4%		49.7%
+2.59%		0.73%
-0.36%		19.9%
+0.18%
  + Industry sector  11.9%
  -5.53%		  2.26%
  -5.07%		  7.81%
  -0.44%		  0.27%
  -0.37%		  1.55%
  +0.35%
  + Transport sector  39.8%
  +2.84%		  0.14%
  =0.0%		  39.6%
  +2.82%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%
  + Other sectors  48.3%
  +2.69%		  27.4%
  +2.64%		  2.21%
  +0.21%		  0.46%
  =0.0%		  18.3%
  -0.18%
    ++ Services    14.6%
    +1.87%		    11.5%
    +1.37%		    1.5%
    +0.1%		    0.22%
    =0.0%		    1.36%
    +0.39%
    ++ Households    33.1%
    +0.69%		    15.7%
    +1.26%		    0.25%
    =0.0%		    0.24%
    =0.0%		    16.9%
    -0.57%
    ++ Agri/forest    0.7%
    +0.12%		    0.17%
    =0.0%		    0.46%
    +0.11%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.073%
    =0.0%
Energy balance summary, using TWh to express energy consumption
final energy in TWh for Montenegro
Figure 1.3 Yearly final energy consumption in TWh for Montenegro.

Table 1.3 Final energy consumption in TWh for Montenegro in 2022.
Montenegro 2022 [TWh]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuels
Gross inland consumption12.3
-2.86%		-0.13
-21.3%		4.81
=0.0%		4.15
+6.22%		3.52
-15.5%
Final energy consumption8.75
-5.49%		2.6
-12.5%		4.35
-0.29%		0.064
-36.9%		1.74
-4.64%
  + Industry sector  1.04
  -35.5%		  0.2
  -70.8%		  0.68
  -10.5%		  0.023
  -60.8%		  0.14
  +22.3%
  + Transport sector  3.48
  +1.78%		  0.012
  +14.7%		  3.47
  +1.74%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  4.23
  =0.0%		  2.39
  +4.61%		  0.19
  +4.62%		  0.041
  -3.26%		  1.6
  -6.39%
    ++ Services    1.28
    +8.46%		    1.01
    +7.34%		    0.13
    +1.27%		    0.02
    -0.65%		    0.12
    +32.6%
    ++ Households    2.89
    -3.46%		    1.37
    +2.76%		    0.022
    -5.56%		    0.021
    -5.58%		    1.48
    -8.55%
    ++ Agri/forest    0.062
    +14.5%		    0.015
    -0.7%		    0.04
    +25.5%		    0.0
    		    0.0064
    -4.19%
Renewables and biofuel gross inland energy consumption
gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Montenegro
Figure 1.4 Yearly gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Montenegro.

Table 1.4 Gross inland consumtion of renewables and biofuels for Montenegro in 2022.
Montenegro 2022 renewables and biofuels[percent (gross)][percent (final)][kWh/d/p][percent][TWh]
Gross inland consumption100% (gross)141% (final)54.8351%12.3
Renewables and biofuels - gross inland consumption28.5% (gross)40.2% (final)15.6100%3.52
  Hydro (55.5% of electricity)  11.7% (gross)  16.5% (final)  6.41  41.1%  1.44
  Tide, wave, ocean (0.0% of electricity)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Wind (12.5% of electricity)  2.63% (gross)  3.71% (final)  1.44  9.23%  0.32
  Solar photovoltaic (0.11% of electricity)  0.023% (gross)  0.032% (final)  0.012  0.08%  0.0028
  Solar thermal  0.023% (gross)  0.032% (final)  0.012  0.079%  0.0028
  Geothermal  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Primary solid biofuels  14.0% (gross)  19.8% (final)  7.69  49.3%  1.73
  Charcoal  0.065% (gross)  0.092% (final)  0.036  0.23%  0.0081
  Biogases  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Renewable municipal waste  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Other liquid biofuels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Ambient heat (heat pumps)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
Population trend
Population trend of Montenegro
Figure 2.1 Population trend for Montenegro.

Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.

Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.

Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.

References:

[1]
Eurostat yearly energy balances. This work uses edition 2024 (up to year 2022). The energy data is converted to TWh (terra Watt-hour) and derived units.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances
[2]
Energy balance guide - new methodology. Explain the use(fulness) of energy balances, as well as how they are constructed.
energy.at-site.be/eurostat/energy-balance-guide-01-2019.pdf
[3]
EU energy in figures, Statistical pocketbook 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19443-9. Visualizes energy statistics up to 2018. The glossary in appendix 7 explains energy terminology.
doi: 10.2833/29877
[4]
The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of a given year.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table
[5]
David J.C. MacKay. Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, UIT Cambridge, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. Chapter 2 - energy and power section.
www.withouthotair.com
[6]
PVGIS 5 post processed data plots for Niksic in Montenegro.
energy.at-site.be/pvgis/EU/Niksic

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