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summary energy [kWh/d/p] energy [%] energy [TWh] renewables and biofuels


This page shows the energy use for Serbia, using 0.113 percent of world energy production for 6.87 million inhabitants in 2019. Energy is typically specified in Million metric Ton of Oil Equivalent [Mtoe] for large quantities. This work prefers to use TeraWatt-hours (TWh) instead, which is obtained by multiplying the a value expressed in Mtoe with a factor 11.63 . To allow an easy comparison between countries, we normalize the TWh value to kiloWatt-hour per day per person (kWh/d/p) - David MacKay introduced this energy unit in [5]. Day to day energy production or consumption can fluctuate from a kWh/d/p value, for example space heating consumes more energy in the winter season.

These values are summarized in table 0.1 . The first two columns show the gross inland energy consumption and gross renewable and biofuel consumptions. We do so since some renewable and biofuel sources are converted to electricity for final energy consumption. The third column shows the total final energy consumption of Serbia. The fourth column shows the electricity consumption, which is a part of the final energy consumption.

The main data source for this page are the Eurostat energy balances, edition April 2022. A population plot of Serbia and a list of data source references are available below.

Table 0.1 Energy summary for Serbia in 2019.
Gross inland consumptionGross renewable and biofuel consumptionFinal energy consumptionElectricity consumption
15.4 Mtoe2.04 Mtoe8.39 Mtoe2.41 Mtoe
179 TWh23.7 TWh97.5 TWh28.0 TWh
70.5 kWh/d/p9.33 kWh/d/p38.4 kWh/d/p11.0 kWh/d/p
100 % (gross)13.2 % (gross)54.4 % (gross)15.6 % (gross)
184 % (final)24.3 % (final)100 % (final)28.7 % (final)
Gross inland energy consumption in 2019 for Serbia
Figure 0.1 Serbia yearly gross inland energy consumption, split according to fuel type.
monthly average percentage of solar PV, heating and cooling degree days for Belgrade in Serbia
Figure 0.2 Monthly average percentage of solar photovoltaics, heating and cooling degree days for Belgrade in Serbia.
Energy balance summary, using kWh/d/p to express energy consumption
normalized final energy in kWh/d/p for Serbia
Figure 1.1 Yearly final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Serbia.

Table 1.1 Final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Serbia in 2019.
Serbia 2019 [kWh/d/p]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption70.5
-0.17%		0.03
-34.7%		17.7
+2.06%		9.12
-6.0%		34.3
=0.0%		9.33
+1.49%		0.0056
+5.28%		0.0
Final energy consumption38.4
=0.0%		11.0
+0.35%		13.0
+6.99%		4.19
-11.3%		1.93
-17.0%		5.05
+5.29%		0.0029
-1.61%		3.15
-6.41%
  + Industry sector  10.1
  -7.28%		  3.46
  +1.09%		  1.7
  +5.55%		  2.27
  -19.0%		  0.81
  -35.0%		  0.88
  +11.8%		  0.0029
  -1.61%		  0.92
  -4.87%
  + Transport sector  10.6
  +8.54%		  0.15
  +0.57%		  10.4
  +8.69%		  0.049
  +2.08%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  17.7
  -0.26%		  7.41
  =0.0%		  0.91
  -7.25%		  1.87
  -0.22%		  1.13
  +3.46%		  4.17
  +4.0%		  0.0
  		  2.23
  -7.03%
    ++ Services    3.95
    -2.66%		    2.03
    =0.0%		    0.27
    -8.81%		    0.85
    -5.92%		    0.17
    +17.0%		    0.13
    -1.45%		    0.0
    		    0.5
    -9.09%
    ++ Households    13.1
    +1.12%		    5.25
    =0.0%		    0.22
    +26.3%		    0.93
    +5.15%		    0.96
    +1.42%		    3.99
    +4.16%		    0.0
    		    1.72
    -6.41%
    ++ Agri/forest    0.69
    -10.6%		    0.13
    +0.78%		    0.42
    -17.6%		    0.089
    +4.77%		    0.0002
    +19.6%		    0.048
    +6.86%		    0.0
    		    0.0
    
Energy balance summary, using percent to express energy consumption.
final energy in percent for Serbia
Figure 1.2 Yearly final energy consumption in percent for Serbia.

Table 1.2 Final energy consumption in percent for Serbia in 2019.
Serbia 2019 [percent]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption184%
-0.28%		0.078%
=0.0%		46.2%
+0.94%		23.8%
-1.51%		89.5%
=0.0%		24.3%
+0.36%		0.015%
=0.0%		0.0%
=0.0%
Final energy consumption100%
=0.0%		28.7%
+0.11%		33.8%
+2.21%		10.9%
-1.39%		5.04%
-1.03%		13.2%
+0.66%		0.0076%
=0.0%		8.2%
-0.56%
  + Industry sector  26.4%
  -2.06%		  9.0%
  =0.0%		  4.42%
  +0.23%		  5.91%
  -1.39%		  2.1%
  -1.13%		  2.3%
  +0.24%		  0.0076%
  =0.0%		  2.4%
  -0.12%
  + Transport sector  27.5%
  +2.17%		  0.38%
  =0.0%		  27.0%
  +2.16%		  0.13%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%
  + Other sectors  46.1%
  -0.11%		  19.3%
  =0.0%		  2.36%
  -0.18%		  4.88%
  =0.0%		  2.93%
  =0.0%		  10.9%
  +0.42%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  5.8%
  -0.44%
    ++ Services    10.3%
    -0.28%		    5.28%
    =0.0%		    0.7%
    =0.0%		    2.22%
    -0.14%		    0.44%
    =0.0%		    0.34%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    1.31%
    -0.13%
    ++ Households    34.0%
    +0.38%		    13.7%
    =0.0%		    0.56%
    +0.12%		    2.42%
    +0.12%		    2.5%
    =0.0%		    10.4%
    +0.42%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    4.49%
    -0.31%
    ++ Agri/forest    1.81%
    -0.21%		    0.35%
    =0.0%		    1.1%
    -0.23%		    0.23%
    =0.0%		    0.00052%
    =0.0%		    0.12%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%
Energy balance summary, using TWh to express energy consumption
final energy in TWh for Serbia
Figure 1.3 Yearly final energy consumption in TWh for Serbia.

Table 1.3 Final energy consumption in TWh for Serbia in 2019.
Serbia 2019 [TWh]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption179
-0.71%		0.076
-35.1%		45.1
+1.51%		23.2
-6.5%		87.3
-0.6%		23.7
+0.94%		0.014
+4.71%		0.0
Final energy consumption97.5
-0.56%		28.0
-0.19%		32.9
+6.41%		10.6
-11.8%		4.91
-17.5%		12.8
+4.72%		0.0074
-2.14%		7.99
-6.91%
  + Industry sector  25.7
  -7.78%		  8.78
  +0.55%		  4.31
  +4.99%		  5.76
  -19.5%		  2.05
  -35.4%		  2.24
  +11.2%		  0.0074
  -2.14%		  2.34
  -5.38%
  + Transport sector  26.8
  +7.95%		  0.37
  =0.0%		  26.3
  +8.11%		  0.13
  +1.53%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  45.0
  -0.79%		  18.8
  -0.54%		  2.3
  -7.75%		  4.76
  -0.75%		  2.86
  +2.91%		  10.6
  +3.44%		  0.0
  		  5.66
  -7.53%
    ++ Services    10.0
    -3.18%		    5.15
    -0.55%		    0.68
    -9.31%		    2.17
    -6.42%		    0.43
    +16.3%		    0.34
    -1.98%		    0.0
    		    1.28
    -9.58%
    ++ Households    33.2
    +0.57%		    13.3
    -0.55%		    0.55
    +25.6%		    2.36
    +4.58%		    2.44
    +0.87%		    10.1
    +3.6%		    0.0
    		    4.38
    -6.91%
    ++ Agri/forest    1.76
    -11.0%		    0.34
    +0.24%		    1.07
    -18.0%		    0.23
    +4.21%		    0.00051
    +18.9%		    0.12
    +6.28%		    0.0
    		    0.0
    
Renewables and biofuel gross inland energy consumption
gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Serbia
Figure 1.4 Yearly gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Serbia.

Table 1.4 Gross inland consumtion of renewables and biofuels for Serbia in 2019.
Serbia 2019 renewables and biofuels[percent (gross)][percent (final)][kWh/d/p][percent][TWh]
Gross inland consumption100% (gross)184% (final)70.5756%179
Renewables and biofuels - gross inland consumption13.2% (gross)24.3% (final)9.33100%23.7
  Hydro (33.8% of electricity)  5.27% (gross)  9.7% (final)  3.72  39.9%  9.46
  Tide, wave, ocean (0.0% of electricity)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Wind (3.21% of electricity)  0.5% (gross)  0.92% (final)  0.35  3.79%  0.9
  Solar photovoltaic (0.048% of electricity)  0.0076% (gross)  0.014% (final)  0.0053  0.057%  0.014
  Solar thermal  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Geothermal  0.034% (gross)  0.062% (final)  0.024  0.26%  0.061
  Primary solid biofuels  7.27% (gross)  13.4% (final)  5.13  55.0%  13.0
  Charcoal  -0.045% (gross)  -0.082% (final)  -0.032  -0.34%  -0.08
  Biogases  0.18% (gross)  0.34% (final)  0.13  1.39%  0.33
  Renewable municipal waste  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Other liquid biofuels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Ambient heat (heat pumps)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
Population trend
Population trend of Serbia
Figure 2.1 Population trend for Serbia.

Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.

Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.

Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.

References:

[1]
Eurostat yearly energy balances. This work uses edition 2022 (up to year 2020). The energy data is converted to TWh (terra Watt-hour) and derived units.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances
[2]
Energy balance guide - new methodology. Explain the use(fulness) of energy balances, as well as how they are constructed.
energy.at-site.be/eurostat/energy-balance-guide-01-2019.pdf
[3]
EU energy in figures, Statistical pocketbook 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19443-9. Visualizes energy statistics up to 2018. The glossary in appendix 7 explains energy terminology.
doi: 10.2833/29877
[4]
The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of a given year.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table
[5]
David J.C. MacKay. Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, UIT Cambridge, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. Chapter 2 - energy and power section.
www.withouthotair.com
[6]
PVGIS 5 post processed data plots for Belgrade in Serbia.
energy.at-site.be/pvgis/EU/Belgrade

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