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Homepage Overview 2019 year 2019 year 2018 year 2017 year 2016 year 2015 OSM location
summary energy [kWh/d/p] energy [%] energy [TWh] renewables and biofuels


This page shows the energy use for Iceland, using 0.044 percent of world energy production for 0.36 million inhabitants in 2019. Energy is typically specified in Million metric Ton of Oil Equivalent [Mtoe] for large quantities. This work prefers to use TeraWatt-hours (TWh) instead, which is obtained by multiplying the a value expressed in Mtoe with a factor 11.63 . To allow an easy comparison between countries, we normalize the TWh value to kiloWatt-hour per day per person (kWh/d/p) - David MacKay introduced this energy unit in [5]. Day to day energy production or consumption can fluctuate from a kWh/d/p value, for example space heating consumes more energy in the winter season.

These values are summarized in table 0.1 . The first two columns show the gross inland energy consumption and gross renewable and biofuel consumptions. We do so since some renewable and biofuel sources are converted to electricity for final energy consumption. The third column shows the total final energy consumption of Iceland. The fourth column shows the electricity consumption, which is a part of the final energy consumption.

The main data source for this page are the Eurostat energy balances, edition April 2021. A population plot of Iceland and a list of data source references are available below.

Table 0.1 Energy summary for Iceland in 2016.
Gross inland consumptionGross renewable and biofuel consumptionFinal energy consumptionElectricity consumption
5.61 Mtoe4.62 Mtoe2.8 Mtoe1.49 Mtoe
65.3 TWh53.7 TWh32.6 TWh17.3 TWh
536 kWh/d/p442 kWh/d/p268 kWh/d/p142 kWh/d/p
100 % (gross)82.3 % (gross)49.9 % (gross)26.5 % (gross)
200 % (final)165 % (final)100 % (final)53.1 % (final)
Gross inland energy consumption in 2016 for Iceland
Figure 0.1 Iceland yearly gross inland energy consumption, split according to fuel type.
monthly average percentage of solar PV, heating and cooling degree days for Reykjavik in Iceland
Figure 0.2 Monthly average percentage of solar photovoltaics, heating and cooling degree days for Reykjavik in Iceland.
Energy balance summary, using kWh/d/p to express energy consumption
normalized final energy in kWh/d/p for Iceland
Figure 1.1 Yearly final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Iceland.

Table 1.1 Final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Iceland in 2016.
Iceland 2016 [kWh/d/p]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsHeat
Gross inland consumption536
-4.86%		0.0
85.3
+11.7%		9.52
+5.77%		442
-7.7%		0.0
Final energy consumption268
-2.94%		142
-2.25%		51.3
-2.84%		0.0
-100.0%		10.6
+1.36%		63.7
+9.49%
  + Industry sector  128
  -9.13%		  122
  -3.19%		  4.24
  +6.44%		  0.0
  -100.0%		  2.28
  -6.07%		  0.0
  
  + Transport sector  31.8
  +9.29%		  0.55
  +202%		  29.7
  +8.14%		  0.0
  		  1.58
  +7.08%		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  107
  +1.99%		  19.7
  +1.99%		  17.3
  -18.7%		  0.0
  		  6.71
  +2.84%		  63.7
  +9.49%
    ++ Services    40.4
    +5.19%		    10.4
    +2.43%		    0.059
    		    0.0
    		    3.63
    -1.3%		    26.3
    +7.06%
    ++ Households    40.4
    +6.51%		    6.89
    +0.65%		    0.19
    -39.0%		    0.0
    		    1.2
    -1.3%		    32.2
    +8.68%
    ++ Agri/forest    3.95
    +5.01%		    1.96
    +3.03%		    0.59
    -1.27%		    0.0
    		    0.55
    -1.3%		    0.85
    +20.6%
    ++ Fishing    21.7
    -8.15%		    0.47
    +8.19%		    16.5
    -17.2%		    0.0
    		    1.33
    +23.7%		    3.37
    +56.5%
Energy balance summary, using percent to express energy consumption.
final energy in percent for Iceland
Figure 1.2 Yearly final energy consumption in percent for Iceland.

Table 1.2 Final energy consumption in percent for Iceland in 2016.
Iceland 2016 [percent]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsHeat
Gross inland consumption200%
-4.04%		0.0%
=0.0%		31.9%
+4.18%		3.56%
+0.29%		165%
-8.52%		0.0%
=0.0%
Final energy consumption100%
=0.0%		53.1%
+0.38%		19.2%
=0.0%		0.0%
-3.26%		3.95%
+0.17%		23.8%
+2.7%
  + Industry sector  48.0%
  -3.27%		  45.5%
  -0.12%		  1.58%
  +0.14%		  0.0%
  -3.26%		  0.85%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%
  + Transport sector  11.9%
  +1.33%		  0.2%
  +0.14%		  11.1%
  +1.14%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.59%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%
  + Other sectors  40.1%
  +1.94%		  7.36%
  +0.36%		  6.48%
  -1.26%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  2.51%
  +0.14%		  23.8%
  +2.7%
    ++ Services    15.1%
    +1.17%		    3.88%
    +0.2%		    0.022%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    1.35%
    =0.0%		    9.83%
    +0.92%
    ++ Households    15.1%
    +1.34%		    2.57%
    =0.0%		    0.072%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.45%
    =0.0%		    12.0%
    +1.28%
    ++ Agri/forest    1.47%
    +0.11%		    0.73%
    =0.0%		    0.22%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.2%
    =0.0%		    0.32%
    =0.0%
    ++ Fishing    8.09%
    -0.46%		    0.17%
    =0.0%		    6.16%
    -1.06%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.5%
    +0.11%		    1.26%
    +0.48%
Energy balance summary, using TWh to express energy consumption
final energy in TWh for Iceland
Figure 1.3 Yearly final energy consumption in TWh for Iceland.

Table 1.3 Final energy consumption in TWh for Iceland in 2016.
Iceland 2016 [TWh]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsHeat
Gross inland consumption65.3
-3.6%		0.0
10.4
+13.2%		1.16
+7.16%		53.7
-6.49%		0.0
Final energy consumption32.6
-1.66%		17.3
-0.96%		6.24
-1.56%		0.0
-100.0%		1.29
+2.7%		7.75
+10.9%
  + Industry sector  15.6
  -7.93%		  14.8
  -1.91%		  0.52
  +7.85%		  0.0
  -100.0%		  0.28
  -4.83%		  0.0
  
  + Transport sector  3.87
  +10.7%		  0.066
  +206%		  3.62
  +9.57%		  0.0
  		  0.19
  +8.49%		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  13.1
  +3.34%		  2.4
  +3.33%		  2.11
  -17.6%		  0.0
  		  0.82
  +4.19%		  7.75
  +10.9%
    ++ Services    4.92
    +6.58%		    1.26
    +3.78%		    0.0072
    		    0.0
    		    0.44
    =0.0%		    3.2
    +8.47%
    ++ Households    4.92
    +7.92%		    0.84
    +1.98%		    0.024
    -38.2%		    0.0
    		    0.15
    =0.0%		    3.91
    +10.1%
    ++ Agri/forest    0.48
    +6.39%		    0.24
    +4.39%		    0.072
    =0.0%		    0.0
    		    0.067
    =0.0%		    0.1
    +22.2%
    ++ Fishing    2.64
    -6.94%		    0.057
    +9.62%		    2.01
    -16.1%		    0.0
    		    0.16
    +25.4%		    0.41
    +58.6%
Renewables and biofuel gross inland energy consumption
gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Iceland
Figure 1.4 Yearly gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Iceland.

Table 1.4 Gross inland consumtion of renewables and biofuels for Iceland in 2016.
Iceland 2016 renewables and biofuels[percent (gross)][percent (final)][kWh/d/p][percent][TWh]
Gross inland consumption100% (gross)200% (final)536121%65.3
Renewables and biofuels - gross inland consumption82.3% (gross)165% (final)442100%53.7
  Hydro (77.8% of electricity)  20.6% (gross)  41.3% (final)  111  25.1%  13.5
  Tide, wave, ocean (0.0% of electricity)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Wind (0.053% of electricity)  0.014% (gross)  0.028% (final)  0.076  0.017%  0.0092
  Solar photovoltaic (0.0% of electricity)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Solar thermal  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Geothermal  61.2% (gross)  123% (final)  328  74.3%  39.9
  Primary solid biofuels  0.2% (gross)  0.4% (final)  1.06  0.24%  0.13
  Charcoal  0.013% (gross)  0.025% (final)  0.068  0.015%  0.0082
  Biogases  0.03% (gross)  0.061% (final)  0.16  0.037%  0.02
  Renewable municipal waste  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biogasoline  0.05% (gross)  0.1% (final)  0.27  0.061%  0.033
  Blended biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biodiesels  0.23% (gross)  0.46% (final)  1.22  0.28%  0.15
  Blended biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Other liquid biofuels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Ambient heat (heat pumps)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
Population trend
Population trend of Iceland
Figure 2.1 Population trend for Iceland.

Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.

Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.

Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.

References:

[1]
Eurostat yearly energy balances. This work uses edition 2021 (up to year 2019). The energy data is converted to TWh (terra Watt-hour) and derived units.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances
[2]
Energy balance guide - new methodology. Explain the use(fulness) of energy balances, as well as how they are constructed.
energy.at-site.be/eurostat/energy-balance-guide-01-2019.pdf
[3]
EU energy in figures, Statistical pocketbook 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19443-9. Visualizes energy statistics up to 2018. The glossary in appendix 7 explains energy terminology.
doi: 10.2833/29877
[4]
The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of a given year.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table
[5]
David J.C. MacKay. Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, UIT Cambridge, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. Chapter 2 - energy and power section.
www.withouthotair.com
[6]
PVGIS 5 post processed data plots for Reykjavik in Iceland.
energy.at-site.be/pvgis/EU/Reykjavik

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