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Homepage Overview 2019 year 2019 year 2018 year 2017 year 2016 year 2015 OSM location
summary energy [kWh/d/p] energy [%] energy [TWh] renewables and biofuels


This page shows the energy use for Denmark, using 0.12 percent of world energy production for 5.81 million inhabitants in 2019. Energy is typically specified in Million metric Ton of Oil Equivalent [Mtoe] for large quantities. This work prefers to use TeraWatt-hours (TWh) instead, which is obtained by multiplying the a value expressed in Mtoe with a factor 11.63 . To allow an easy comparison between countries, we normalize the TWh value to kiloWatt-hour per day per person (kWh/d/p) - David MacKay introduced this energy unit in [5]. Day to day energy production or consumption can fluctuate from a kWh/d/p value, for example space heating consumes more energy in the winter season.

These values are summarized in table 0.1 . The first two columns show the gross inland energy consumption and gross renewable and biofuel consumptions. We do so since some renewable and biofuel sources are converted to electricity for final energy consumption. The third column shows the total final energy consumption of Denmark. The fourth column shows the electricity consumption, which is a part of the final energy consumption.

The main data source for this page are the Eurostat energy balances, edition April 2021. A population plot of Denmark and a list of data source references are available below.

Table 0.1 Energy summary for Denmark in 2016.
Gross inland consumptionGross renewable and biofuel consumptionFinal energy consumptionElectricity consumption
17.8 Mtoe5.22 Mtoe13.8 Mtoe2.66 Mtoe
207 TWh60.7 TWh160 TWh30.9 TWh
99.2 kWh/d/p29.1 kWh/d/p76.8 kWh/d/p14.8 kWh/d/p
100 % (gross)29.3 % (gross)77.4 % (gross)14.9 % (gross)
129 % (final)37.9 % (final)100 % (final)19.3 % (final)
Gross inland energy consumption in 2016 for Denmark
Figure 0.1 Denmark yearly gross inland energy consumption, split according to fuel type.
monthly average percentage of solar PV, heating and cooling degree days for Copenhagen in Denmark
Figure 0.2 Monthly average percentage of solar photovoltaics, heating and cooling degree days for Copenhagen in Denmark.
Energy balance summary, using kWh/d/p to express energy consumption
normalized final energy in kWh/d/p for Denmark
Figure 1.1 Yearly final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Denmark.

Table 1.1 Final energy consumption in kWh/d/p for Denmark in 2016.
Denmark 2016 [kWh/d/p]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption99.2
+1.49%		2.42
-15.4%		38.0
+1.05%		16.2
-0.22%		11.2
+9.08%		29.1
+2.3%		2.36
-1.57%		0.017
-15.8%
Final energy consumption76.8
+0.81%		14.8
-0.81%		28.8
+0.24%		8.51
+0.42%		0.68
+2.35%		9.69
+2.87%		0.12
+7.6%		14.2
+2.44%
  + Industry sector  12.3
  +0.37%		  4.03
  -0.43%		  2.36
  +7.24%		  3.58
  -3.42%		  0.6
  +5.71%		  1.22
  -9.27%		  0.089
  -1.17%		  0.43
  +39.9%
  + Transport sector  23.9
  +0.2%		  0.21
  +11.4%		  22.2
  =0.0%		  0.22
  +2.62%		  0.0
  		  1.21
  +0.33%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  40.6
  +1.3%		  10.5
  -1.17%		  4.18
  -2.52%		  4.71
  +3.44%		  0.083
  -16.8%		  7.27
  +5.69%		  0.027
  +52.2%		  13.8
  +1.58%
    ++ Services    10.7
    +0.69%		    4.8
    -1.77%		    0.35
    -0.3%		    0.99
    +1.9%		    0.0
    		    0.29
    +27.3%		    0.027
    +52.2%		    4.3
    +1.7%
    ++ Households    25.5
    +2.09%		    4.92
    -0.19%		    1.3
    -4.01%		    3.47
    +3.67%		    0.00011
    		    6.58
    +5.1%		    0.0
    		    9.27
    +1.59%
    ++ Agri/forest    3.5
    -1.85%		    0.83
    -3.4%		    1.85
    -2.29%		    0.22
    +12.5%		    0.082
    -16.9%		    0.31
    +0.3%		    0.0
    		    0.21
    -1.1%
    ++ Fishing    0.69
    -1.36%		    0.0
    		    0.69
    -1.36%		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    
Energy balance summary, using percent to express energy consumption.
final energy in percent for Denmark
Figure 1.2 Yearly final energy consumption in percent for Denmark.

Table 1.2 Final energy consumption in percent for Denmark in 2016.
Denmark 2016 [percent]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption129%
+0.88%		3.15%
-0.6%		49.5%
+0.12%		21.1%
-0.22%		14.5%
+1.1%		37.9%
+0.55%		3.08%
=0.0%		0.022%
=0.0%
Final energy consumption100%
=0.0%		19.3%
-0.31%		37.5%
-0.21%		11.1%
=0.0%		0.88%
=0.0%		12.6%
+0.25%		0.15%
=0.0%		18.5%
+0.29%
  + Industry sector  16.0%
  =0.0%		  5.25%
  =0.0%		  3.07%
  +0.18%		  4.66%
  -0.2%		  0.78%
  =0.0%		  1.59%
  -0.18%		  0.12%
  =0.0%		  0.56%
  +0.16%
  + Transport sector  31.1%
  -0.19%		  0.28%
  =0.0%		  29.0%
  -0.21%		  0.28%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  1.58%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%		  0.0%
  =0.0%
  + Other sectors  52.9%
  +0.26%		  13.7%
  -0.28%		  5.45%
  -0.19%		  6.14%
  +0.16%		  0.11%
  =0.0%		  9.46%
  +0.44%		  0.035%
  =0.0%		  17.9%
  +0.14%
    ++ Services    14.0%
    =0.0%		    6.25%
    -0.16%		    0.45%
    =0.0%		    1.29%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.37%
    =0.0%		    0.035%
    =0.0%		    5.6%
    =0.0%
    ++ Households    33.2%
    +0.42%		    6.4%
    =0.0%		    1.69%
    =0.0%		    4.52%
    +0.12%		    0.00015%
    =0.0%		    8.57%
    +0.35%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    12.1%
    =0.0%
    ++ Agri/forest    4.56%
    -0.12%		    1.09%
    =0.0%		    2.4%
    =0.0%		    0.29%
    =0.0%		    0.11%
    =0.0%		    0.4%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.27%
    =0.0%
    ++ Fishing    0.9%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.9%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%		    0.0%
    =0.0%
Energy balance summary, using TWh to express energy consumption
final energy in TWh for Denmark
Figure 1.3 Yearly final energy consumption in TWh for Denmark.

Table 1.3 Final energy consumption in TWh for Denmark in 2016.
Denmark 2016 [TWh]TotalElectricityOil and petroleum productsNatural gasSolid fossil fuelsRenewables and biofuelsNon-renewable wasteHeat
Gross inland consumption207
+2.63%		5.06
-14.5%		79.4
+2.18%		33.9
+0.89%		23.3
+10.3%		60.7
+3.45%		4.94
-0.47%		0.036
-14.9%
Final energy consumption160
+1.93%		30.9
+0.3%		60.1
+1.35%		17.8
+1.54%		1.42
+3.49%		20.2
+4.02%		0.24
+8.8%		29.7
+3.58%
  + Industry sector  25.7
  +1.49%		  8.42
  +0.69%		  4.92
  +8.43%		  7.47
  -2.34%		  1.25
  +6.89%		  2.54
  -8.26%		  0.19
  =0.0%		  0.91
  +41.4%
  + Transport sector  49.9
  +1.32%		  0.45
  +12.7%		  46.5
  +1.19%		  0.45
  +3.77%		  0.0
  		  2.53
  +1.45%		  0.0
  		  0.0
  
  + Other sectors  84.8
  +2.43%		  22.0
  =0.0%		  8.74
  -1.43%		  9.84
  +4.59%		  0.17
  -15.8%		  15.2
  +6.87%		  0.056
  +53.9%		  28.8
  +2.71%
    ++ Services    22.5
    +1.81%		    10.0
    -0.67%		    0.73
    +0.82%		    2.07
    +3.03%		    0.0
    		    0.6
    +28.7%		    0.056
    +53.9%		    8.98
    +2.84%
    ++ Households    53.3
    +3.23%		    10.3
    +0.92%		    2.71
    -2.94%		    7.25
    +4.83%		    0.00023
    		    13.7
    +6.28%		    0.0
    		    19.4
    +2.72%
    ++ Agri/forest    7.32
    -0.75%		    1.74
    -2.32%		    3.85
    -1.2%		    0.47
    +13.8%		    0.17
    -16.0%		    0.64
    +1.41%		    0.0
    		    0.44
    =0.0%
    ++ Fishing    1.44
    -0.26%		    0.0
    		    1.44
    -0.26%		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    		    0.0
    
Renewables and biofuel gross inland energy consumption
gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Denmark
Figure 1.4 Yearly gross inland consumption of renewables and biofuels for Denmark.

Table 1.4 Gross inland consumtion of renewables and biofuels for Denmark in 2016.
Denmark 2016 renewables and biofuels[percent (gross)][percent (final)][kWh/d/p][percent][TWh]
Gross inland consumption100% (gross)129% (final)99.2341%207
Renewables and biofuels - gross inland consumption29.3% (gross)37.9% (final)29.1100%60.7
  Hydro (0.062% of electricity)  0.0093% (gross)  0.012% (final)  0.0092  0.032%  0.019
  Tide, wave, ocean (0.0% of electricity)  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Wind (41.4% of electricity)  6.17% (gross)  7.97% (final)  6.12  21.0%  12.8
  Solar photovoltaic (2.41% of electricity)  0.36% (gross)  0.46% (final)  0.36  1.22%  0.74
  Solar thermal  0.27% (gross)  0.34% (final)  0.26  0.91%  0.55
  Geothermal  0.03% (gross)  0.039% (final)  0.03  0.1%  0.062
  Primary solid biofuels  15.9% (gross)  20.5% (final)  15.7  54.2%  32.9
  Charcoal  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Biogases  1.21% (gross)  1.57% (final)  1.2  4.14%  2.51
  Renewable municipal waste  2.91% (gross)  3.76% (final)  2.89  9.94%  6.04
  Pure biogasoline  0.25% (gross)  0.32% (final)  0.25  0.85%  0.52
  Blended biogasoline  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure biodiesels  0.99% (gross)  1.28% (final)  0.98  3.38%  2.05
  Blended biodiesels  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Pure bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Blended bio jet kerosene  0.0% (gross)  0.0% (final)  0.0  0.0%  0.0
  Other liquid biofuels  0.037% (gross)  0.047% (final)  0.036  0.13%  0.076
  Ambient heat (heat pumps)  1.2% (gross)  1.55% (final)  1.19  4.1%  2.49
Population trend
Population trend of Denmark
Figure 2.1 Population trend for Denmark.

Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.

Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.

Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.

References:

[1]
Eurostat yearly energy balances. This work uses edition 2021 (up to year 2019). The energy data is converted to TWh (terra Watt-hour) and derived units.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/energy-balances
[2]
Energy balance guide - new methodology. Explain the use(fulness) of energy balances, as well as how they are constructed.
energy.at-site.be/eurostat/energy-balance-guide-01-2019.pdf
[3]
EU energy in figures, Statistical pocketbook 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-19443-9. Visualizes energy statistics up to 2018. The glossary in appendix 7 explains energy terminology.
doi: 10.2833/29877
[4]
The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of a given year.
ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table
[5]
David J.C. MacKay. Sustainable Energy – without the hot air, UIT Cambridge, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. Chapter 2 - energy and power section.
www.withouthotair.com
[6]
PVGIS 5 post processed data plots for Copenhagen -- Additionally, Renewables.ninja post processed data plots for Denmark can be found at energy.at-site.be/ninja/EU/Denmark .
energy.at-site.be/pvgis/EU/Copenhagen

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