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Motivation: looked for an easy way to read Eurostat energy balance spreadsheets, and decided to summarize them and make a few plots.
Eurostat, the Statistical Office from the European Commission, provides energy balances for several countries. These report the yearly energy consumption for different activities and energy sources. Select a country on the map to view a summary, with energy data till 2019. We observe that the energy mix of different countries varies significantly, and an overview is provided in the table below.
The table below provides a summary of the countries shown in the map, extended with data for the EU27, Georgia, Iceland and Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99). Gross inland consumption covers the total use of energy resources for a geographic area. Final energy consumption corresponds to the energy available to different sectors in the economy, excluding energy consumed by the energy sector (eg refining, transforming fossil fuel to electricity) and non-energy uses (eg lubricants, fertilisers). Electricity consumption is a part of the final energy, and mentioned in a seperate column. This table uses the energy unit kiloWatt-hour per day per person [kWh/d/p] - introduced by David MacKay in [5] - to allow comparison of countries with a different population. We also show the gross renewables and biofuel consumption as a percentage of the total gross inland consumption. Relative changes versus 2018 are shown as colored percentages.
| Country (2019) | Inhabitants [million persons] | Gross inland consumption [TWh] | Gross renewable and biofuel consumption [% (gross)] | Gross inland consumption [kWh/d/p] | Final energy consumption [kWh/d/p] | Electricity consumption [kWh/d/p] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU27 | 446.0 =0.0% | 16900 TWh -1.74% | 15.8% (gross) +0.76% | 104 kWh/d/p -1.79% | 66.8 kWh/d/p -0.59% | 15.2 kWh/d/p -1.06% |
| Albania | 2.86 -0.28% | 27.4 TWh =0.0% | 31.4% (gross) -11.9% | 26.2 kWh/d/p +0.34% | 22.9 kWh/d/p -2.85% | 5.92 kWh/d/p +1.89% |
| Austria | 8.86 +0.41% | 404 TWh +2.03% | 29.8% (gross) +0.35% | 125 kWh/d/p +1.61% | 94.3 kWh/d/p +0.33% | 19.6 kWh/d/p -0.31% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.49 -0.24% | 84.1 TWh -3.32% | 24.8% (gross) +1.38% | 66.0 kWh/d/p -3.09% | 38.3 kWh/d/p -0.22% | 8.62 kWh/d/p -3.81% |
| Belgium | 11.5 +0.5% | 660 TWh +2.93% | 7.7% (gross) =0.0% | 158 kWh/d/p +2.42% | 90.5 kWh/d/p -2.37% | 19.6 kWh/d/p -1.7% |
| Bulgaria | 7.0 -0.71% | 219 TWh -0.82% | 13.1% (gross) -0.26% | 85.8 kWh/d/p -0.11% | 44.1 kWh/d/p +0.19% | 11.8 kWh/d/p +1.47% |
| Croatia | 4.08 -0.71% | 102 TWh +1.32% | 24.3% (gross) -0.86% | 68.7 kWh/d/p +2.05% | 52.6 kWh/d/p +1.38% | 10.9 kWh/d/p +0.59% |
| Cyprus | 0.876 +1.35% | 30.6 TWh -0.1% | 9.36% (gross) +0.31% | 95.7 kWh/d/p -1.43% | 59.2 kWh/d/p +1.56% | 14.8 kWh/d/p =0.0% |
| Czech Republic | 10.6 +0.37% | 500 TWh -1.47% | 11.4% (gross) +0.96% | 129 kWh/d/p -1.84% | 72.6 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 15.0 kWh/d/p +0.2% |
| Denmark | 5.81 +0.43% | 201 TWh -3.39% | 34.8% (gross) +2.78% | 95.0 kWh/d/p -3.81% | 74.6 kWh/d/p -2.14% | 14.7 kWh/d/p +0.66% |
| Estonia | 1.32 +0.43% | 56.1 TWh -21.9% | 24.4% (gross) +5.74% | 116 kWh/d/p -22.3% | 68.0 kWh/d/p -2.47% | 15.1 kWh/d/p -2.74% |
| Georgia | 3.72 -0.17% | 60.5 TWh +5.0% | 20.0% (gross) -3.27% | 44.5 kWh/d/p +5.18% | 35.7 kWh/d/p +2.77% | 8.87 kWh/d/p +1.19% |
| Germany | 83.0 +0.27% | 3550 TWh -3.0% | 14.9% (gross) +1.01% | 117 kWh/d/p -3.26% | 77.0 kWh/d/p -0.44% | 16.5 kWh/d/p -2.83% |
| Greece | 10.7 -0.15% | 274 TWh -1.2% | 13.5% (gross) +0.29% | 70.0 kWh/d/p -1.05% | 45.8 kWh/d/p +1.8% | 12.8 kWh/d/p +1.63% |
| Finland | 5.52 =0.0% | 398 TWh -1.87% | 35.7% (gross) +1.12% | 198 kWh/d/p -1.96% | 142 kWh/d/p -1.69% | 40.5 kWh/d/p -1.44% |
| France | 67.2 +0.23% | 2920 TWh -1.28% | 11.3% (gross) +0.34% | 119 kWh/d/p -1.5% | 66.1 kWh/d/p -1.06% | 17.6 kWh/d/p -1.4% |
| Hungary | 9.77 =0.0% | 311 TWh =0.0% | 10.6% (gross) +0.11% | 87.1 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 58.6 kWh/d/p +0.83% | 11.3 kWh/d/p +2.34% |
| Iceland | 0.357 +2.45% | 73.7 TWh -3.49% | 84.4% (gross) +1.35% | 566 kWh/d/p -5.79% | 262 kWh/d/p -6.97% | 140 kWh/d/p -3.77% |
| Ireland | 4.9 +1.53% | 174 TWh =0.0% | 10.9% (gross) +1.02% | 97.2 kWh/d/p -1.48% | 73.4 kWh/d/p -2.29% | 15.9 kWh/d/p +0.43% |
| Italy | 59.8 -1.1% | 1810 TWh -0.99% | 19.0% (gross) +0.34% | 82.8 kWh/d/p +0.11% | 60.3 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 13.4 kWh/d/p +0.72% |
| Kosovo | 1.8 -0.16% | 31.0 TWh +3.25% | 15.1% (gross) -0.55% | 47.4 kWh/d/p +3.41% | 26.9 kWh/d/p +3.16% | 7.19 kWh/d/p +7.34% |
| Lithuania | 2.79 -0.52% | 90.7 TWh -0.41% | 20.4% (gross) =0.0% | 89.0 kWh/d/p +0.11% | 62.2 kWh/d/p +0.36% | 10.3 kWh/d/p +1.91% |
| Luxembourg | 0.614 +1.97% | 52.8 TWh +0.77% | 7.05% (gross) +0.5% | 236 kWh/d/p -1.18% | 197 kWh/d/p -0.62% | 28.5 kWh/d/p -2.9% |
| Latvia | 1.92 -0.74% | 54.1 TWh -2.99% | 39.2% (gross) +0.34% | 77.2 kWh/d/p -2.26% | 65.2 kWh/d/p -1.67% | 9.49 kWh/d/p +0.6% |
| Malta | 0.494 +3.75% | 10.5 TWh +6.62% | 5.63% (gross) +0.23% | 58.3 kWh/d/p +2.76% | 35.3 kWh/d/p +2.51% | 13.8 kWh/d/p +0.7% |
| Montenegro | 0.622 =0.0% | 12.9 TWh +3.52% | 28.1% (gross) -4.0% | 57.0 kWh/d/p +3.54% | 39.0 kWh/d/p +4.28% | 13.4 kWh/d/p +7.32% |
| Moldova | 3.55 =0.0% | 33.0 TWh -5.5% | 23.2% (gross) -3.16% | 25.5 kWh/d/p -5.5% | 23.2 kWh/d/p -4.48% | 2.94 kWh/d/p -0.73% |
| North Macedonia | 2.08 =0.0% | 33.1 TWh +9.69% | 11.3% (gross) -3.47% | 43.6 kWh/d/p +9.59% | 29.5 kWh/d/p +4.76% | 8.23 kWh/d/p +2.12% |
| Netherlands | 17.3 +0.59% | 883 TWh -1.93% | 7.15% (gross) +1.18% | 140 kWh/d/p -2.5% | 82.4 kWh/d/p -1.99% | 17.4 kWh/d/p +0.21% |
| Norway | 5.33 +0.62% | 336 TWh -7.81% | 48.0% (gross) +1.31% | 173 kWh/d/p -8.38% | 113 kWh/d/p -1.59% | 59.5 kWh/d/p -0.85% |
| Poland | 38.0 =0.0% | 1210 TWh -2.72% | 9.53% (gross) +0.93% | 87.2 kWh/d/p -2.71% | 58.0 kWh/d/p -1.26% | 10.1 kWh/d/p =0.0% |
| Portugal | 10.3 -0.14% | 278 TWh -0.46% | 25.3% (gross) =0.0% | 74.1 kWh/d/p -0.32% | 50.7 kWh/d/p +1.39% | 12.8 kWh/d/p =0.0% |
| Romenia | 19.4 -0.61% | 385 TWh -1.44% | 18.2% (gross) +0.19% | 54.3 kWh/d/p -0.84% | 38.9 kWh/d/p +1.76% | 6.43 kWh/d/p +0.63% |
| Serbia | 6.96 -0.54% | 179 TWh -0.69% | 13.2% (gross) +0.21% | 70.6 kWh/d/p -0.16% | 38.3 kWh/d/p -0.34% | 11.0 kWh/d/p +0.35% |
| Slovenia | 2.08 +0.68% | 78.2 TWh -1.74% | 17.0% (gross) +0.15% | 103 kWh/d/p -2.4% | 74.4 kWh/d/p -2.51% | 18.0 kWh/d/p -0.91% |
| Slovakia | 5.45 +0.13% | 198 TWh -0.13% | 12.9% (gross) +3.67% | 99.5 kWh/d/p -0.26% | 59.9 kWh/d/p +3.26% | 12.7 kWh/d/p -2.99% |
| Spain | 46.9 +0.6% | 1480 TWh -2.75% | 14.9% (gross) +0.56% | 86.2 kWh/d/p -3.33% | 55.3 kWh/d/p -1.03% | 13.7 kWh/d/p -2.23% |
| Sweden | 10.2 +1.09% | 578 TWh -2.66% | 42.8% (gross) +3.22% | 155 kWh/d/p -3.7% | 97.5 kWh/d/p -2.42% | 33.4 kWh/d/p -3.4% |
| Turkey | 82.0 +1.48% | 1470 TWh -14.9% | 0.12% (gross) -12.8% | 49.0 kWh/d/p -16.1% | 36.5 kWh/d/p -6.14% | 8.46 kWh/d/p -2.12% |
| Ukraine | 42.0 -0.55% | 1040 TWh -4.42% | 4.85% (gross) +0.25% | 68.1 kWh/d/p -3.89% | 35.6 kWh/d/p -2.49% | 7.61 kWh/d/p -1.11% |
| United Kingdom | 66.6 +0.56% | 2120 TWh -1.82% | 12.0% (gross) +1.16% | 87.3 kWh/d/p -2.37% | 58.0 kWh/d/p -1.51% | 12.1 kWh/d/p -2.28% |
Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.
Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.
Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.
References:
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