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Motivation: looked for an easy way to read Eurostat energy balance spreadsheets, and decided to summarize them and make a few plots.
Eurostat, the Statistical Office from the European Commission, provides energy balances for several countries. These report the yearly energy consumption for different activities and energy sources. Select a country on the map to view a summary, with energy data till 2018. We observe that the energy mix of different countries varies significantly, and an overview is provided in the table below.
The table below provides a summary of the countries shown in the map, extended with data for the EU27, Georgia, Iceland and Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99). Gross inland consumption covers the total use of energy resources for a geographic area. Final energy consumption corresponds to the energy available to different sectors in the economy, excluding energy consumed by the energy sector (eg refining, transforming fossil fuel to electricity) and non-energy uses (eg lubricants, fertilisers). Electricity consumption is a part of the final energy, and mentioned in a seperate column. This table uses the energy unit kiloWatt-hour per day per person [kWh/d/p] to allow comparison of countries with a different population. We also show the gross renewables and biofuel consumption as a percentage of the total gross inland consumption. Relative changes versus 2017 are shown as colored percentages.
| Country (2018) | Inhabitants [million persons] | Gross inland consumption [TWh] | Gross renewable and biofuel consumption [% (gross)] | Gross inland consumption [kWh/d/p] | Final energy consumption [kWh/d/p] | Electricity consumption [kWh/d/p] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU27 | 508.0 +0.21% | 17200 TWh -0.83% | 15.0% (gross) +0.55% | 92.7 kWh/d/p -0.21% | 58.9 kWh/d/p -0.28% | 13.5 kWh/d/p -0.1% |
| Albania | 2.87 -0.22% | 27.4 TWh -0.76% | 43.3% (gross) +16.1% | 26.1 kWh/d/p +0.22% | 23.5 kWh/d/p +2.46% | 5.81 kWh/d/p +2.38% |
| Austria | 8.82 +0.56% | 395 TWh -2.33% | 29.3% (gross) -0.52% | 123 kWh/d/p -0.56% | 94.0 kWh/d/p -2.23% | 19.6 kWh/d/p -0.27% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.5 -0.2% | 87.0 TWh +10.7% | 23.5% (gross) +11.7% | 68.0 kWh/d/p +0.2% | 38.3 kWh/d/p +20.7% | 8.96 kWh/d/p +0.71% |
| Belgium | 11.4 +0.41% | 640 TWh -3.43% | 7.65% (gross) +0.45% | 154 kWh/d/p -0.41% | 92.6 kWh/d/p +0.12% | 19.9 kWh/d/p +0.17% |
| Bulgaria | 7.05 -0.73% | 221 TWh +0.25% | 13.3% (gross) +2.97% | 85.8 kWh/d/p +0.74% | 44.1 kWh/d/p +0.81% | 11.6 kWh/d/p +0.68% |
| Croatia | 4.11 -1.17% | 101 TWh -2.28% | 25.2% (gross) +3.65% | 67.3 kWh/d/p +1.19% | 51.9 kWh/d/p -0.45% | 10.8 kWh/d/p +2.43% |
| Cyprus | 0.864 +1.1% | 30.6 TWh +2.31% | 9.05% (gross) +2.11% | 97.1 kWh/d/p -1.09% | 58.3 kWh/d/p +0.8% | 14.8 kWh/d/p +1.58% |
| Czech Republic | 10.6 +0.3% | 507 TWh +0.2% | 10.5% (gross) =0.0% | 131 kWh/d/p -0.29% | 72.6 kWh/d/p -1.36% | 15.0 kWh/d/p +0.79% |
| Denmark | 5.78 +0.56% | 213 TWh +0.51% | 32.3% (gross) =0.0% | 101 kWh/d/p -0.56% | 77.5 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 14.7 kWh/d/p -1.21% |
| Estonia | 1.32 +0.27% | 73.2 TWh +9.43% | 18.4% (gross) -0.15% | 152 kWh/d/p -0.27% | 69.8 kWh/d/p +2.87% | 15.6 kWh/d/p +3.3% |
| Georgia | 3.73 =0.0% | 57.6 TWh -0.7% | 23.3% (gross) -0.42% | 42.3 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 34.8 kWh/d/p -1.65% | 8.77 kWh/d/p +6.41% |
| Germany | 82.8 +0.33% | 3660 TWh -2.35% | 13.7% (gross) +0.49% | 121 kWh/d/p -0.33% | 77.3 kWh/d/p -2.08% | 17.0 kWh/d/p -1.48% |
| Greece | 10.7 -0.25% | 277 TWh -2.34% | 13.2% (gross) +1.23% | 70.7 kWh/d/p +0.25% | 45.0 kWh/d/p -3.27% | 12.6 kWh/d/p -8.11% |
| Finland | 5.51 +0.18% | 406 TWh +1.93% | 34.6% (gross) +0.14% | 202 kWh/d/p -0.18% | 145 kWh/d/p +1.7% | 41.1 kWh/d/p +1.95% |
| France | 66.9 +0.18% | 2960 TWh -0.37% | 11.0% (gross) +0.84% | 121 kWh/d/p -0.18% | 66.6 kWh/d/p -1.48% | 18.0 kWh/d/p -0.73% |
| Hungary | 9.78 -0.2% | 311 TWh =0.0% | 10.5% (gross) -0.71% | 87.0 kWh/d/p +0.2% | 58.2 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 11.0 kWh/d/p +2.62% |
| Iceland | 0.348 +2.99% | 76.5 TWh +9.88% | 82.8% (gross) +0.32% | 601 kWh/d/p -2.9% | 293 kWh/d/p +4.58% | 145 kWh/d/p +0.33% |
| Ireland | 4.83 +0.96% | 172 TWh +1.03% | 9.9% (gross) +0.71% | 97.8 kWh/d/p -0.95% | 74.0 kWh/d/p +3.42% | 15.4 kWh/d/p +4.0% |
| Italy | 60.5 -0.17% | 1830 TWh -1.58% | 18.7% (gross) +0.58% | 82.7 kWh/d/p +0.17% | 60.3 kWh/d/p +0.89% | 13.3 kWh/d/p +0.56% |
| Kosovo | 1.8 +0.84% | 30.1 TWh +0.64% | 15.6% (gross) +0.56% | 45.8 kWh/d/p -0.83% | 26.1 kWh/d/p -3.78% | 6.7 kWh/d/p +0.53% |
| Lithuania | 2.81 -1.37% | 90.7 TWh +1.32% | 19.9% (gross) -0.55% | 88.4 kWh/d/p +1.39% | 61.8 kWh/d/p +5.4% | 10.1 kWh/d/p +4.81% |
| Luxembourg | 0.602 +1.92% | 52.4 TWh +4.11% | 6.63% (gross) +0.44% | 239 kWh/d/p -1.88% | 198 kWh/d/p +1.62% | 29.2 kWh/d/p -1.43% |
| Latvia | 1.93 -0.81% | 55.7 TWh +5.32% | 39.1% (gross) -3.43% | 79.0 kWh/d/p +0.81% | 66.3 kWh/d/p +4.7% | 9.44 kWh/d/p +3.57% |
| Malta | 0.476 +3.35% | 9.82 TWh +2.1% | 5.41% (gross) +0.68% | 56.6 kWh/d/p -3.24% | 34.5 kWh/d/p +1.04% | 13.8 kWh/d/p -0.31% |
| Montenegro | 0.622 =0.0% | 12.5 TWh +4.96% | 32.0% (gross) +6.63% | 55.2 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 37.3 kWh/d/p +0.13% | 12.5 kWh/d/p -0.29% |
| Moldova | 3.55 =0.0% | 35.0 TWh +5.49% | 26.3% (gross) -0.56% | 27.0 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 24.3 kWh/d/p +4.44% | 2.97 kWh/d/p +3.8% |
| North Macedonia | 2.08 =0.0% | 29.9 TWh -6.48% | 14.3% (gross) +1.74% | 39.5 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 28.1 kWh/d/p -1.64% | 8.06 kWh/d/p =0.0% |
| Netherlands | 17.2 +0.58% | 906 TWh -1.39% | 5.94% (gross) +0.62% | 144 kWh/d/p -0.58% | 83.3 kWh/d/p -0.54% | 17.2 kWh/d/p +0.77% |
| Norway | 5.3 +0.71% | 342 TWh -3.92% | 49.8% (gross) +1.15% | 177 kWh/d/p -0.7% | 115 kWh/d/p +0.68% | 60.0 kWh/d/p +1.23% |
| Poland | 38.0 =0.0% | 1240 TWh +1.55% | 8.51% (gross) =0.0% | 89.6 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 58.7 kWh/d/p +1.14% | 10.1 kWh/d/p +3.44% |
| Portugal | 10.3 -0.18% | 279 TWh -2.52% | 25.6% (gross) +3.42% | 74.4 kWh/d/p +0.18% | 50.2 kWh/d/p +1.99% | 12.8 kWh/d/p +3.01% |
| Romenia | 19.5 -0.58% | 391 TWh +0.18% | 18.0% (gross) =0.0% | 54.8 kWh/d/p +0.58% | 38.2 kWh/d/p +2.62% | 6.39 kWh/d/p +2.53% |
| Serbia | 7.0 -0.55% | 181 TWh -1.4% | 13.0% (gross) +1.04% | 70.7 kWh/d/p +0.55% | 38.4 kWh/d/p +1.42% | 11.0 kWh/d/p +0.28% |
| Slovenia | 2.07 =0.0% | 79.4 TWh -0.55% | 16.6% (gross) +1.18% | 105 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 76.2 kWh/d/p +0.33% | 18.2 kWh/d/p +1.34% |
| Slovakia | 5.44 +0.14% | 198 TWh -1.17% | 9.28% (gross) =0.0% | 99.8 kWh/d/p -0.14% | 58.0 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 13.1 kWh/d/p +0.37% |
| Spain | 46.7 +0.28% | 1520 TWh -0.16% | 14.3% (gross) +1.23% | 89.2 kWh/d/p -0.28% | 56.0 kWh/d/p +2.28% | 14.0 kWh/d/p -0.54% |
| Sweden | 10.1 +1.25% | 590 TWh +0.9% | 40.3% (gross) -1.7% | 160 kWh/d/p -1.24% | 100 kWh/d/p -1.61% | 34.5 kWh/d/p -1.0% |
| Turkey | 80.8 +1.25% | 1720 TWh -1.55% | 12.9% (gross) +1.14% | 58.4 kWh/d/p -1.23% | 38.9 kWh/d/p -3.04% | 8.64 kWh/d/p +2.4% |
| Ukraine | 42.4 =0.0% | 1090 TWh +4.55% | 4.6% (gross) +0.23% | 70.6 kWh/d/p =0.0% | 36.4 kWh/d/p +2.33% | 7.67 kWh/d/p +1.17% |
| United Kingdom | 66.3 +0.65% | 2150 TWh -0.41% | 10.8% (gross) +1.2% | 89.0 kWh/d/p -0.65% | 58.6 kWh/d/p +0.22% | 12.4 kWh/d/p -0.62% |
Acknowledgement: We would like to express our gratitude to Eurostat, part of the European Commission, for allowing free re-use of energy balances and related data. Website: ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy.
Disclaimer: This work provides a summary of the original data, converting ktoe (kilo ton oil equivalent) values to other energy units such as relative percentages, TWh (TeraWatt-hours) and normalized kWh/d/p (kiloWatt-hours per day per person) values. Values are rounded to 3 significant digits. Eurostat is not responsible for data conversion or rounding errors in doing so.
Other visualizations: Since 2022 Eurostat provides a set of interactive visualization tools for energy at ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/visualisations. For energy balances Total energy supply is used there, which is equivalent to the Gross inland consumption minus the energy of international aviation.
References:
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